Identification and validation of a hypoxia-related prognostic and immune microenvironment signature in bladder cancer

Abstract Background Bladder cancer is the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality and seriously affects population health. Hypoxia plays a key role in tumor development immune escape, which contributes to malignant behaviors. Methods In this study, we analyzed RNA-seq clinical information bladder patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. To investigate hypoxia-related prognostic microenvironment cancer, constructed risk model for overall survival (OS). data Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used as validation sets. Results signature was significantly correlated with outcomes could independently predict OS outcomes. Furthermore, effectively reflected levels cell type fractions expression critical checkpoint genes higher high-risk group compared low-risk group. We also validated paracancerous tissue samples through qRT-PCR analysis. Conclusion established 7 gene (HRG) that can be an independent predictor provided potential mechanism immunotherapy.